Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.
Symbol Value I 1 V 5 X 10 L 50 C 100 D 500 M 1000
For example, 2 is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. 12 is written as XII, which is simply X + II. The number 27 is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
Ican be placed beforeV(5) andX(10) to make 4 and 9.Xcan be placed beforeL(50) andC(100) to make 40 and 90.Ccan be placed beforeD(500) andM(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer.
Example 1:
Input: s = "III" Output: 3 Explanation: III = 3.
Example 2:
Input: s = "LVIII" Output: 58 Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
Example 3:
Input: s = "MCMXCIV" Output: 1994 Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 15scontains only the characters('I', 'V', 'X', 'L', 'C', 'D', 'M').- It is guaranteed that
sis a valid roman numeral in the range[1, 3999].
var romanToInt = function(s) {
const trans = {
I : 1,
V : 5,
X : 10,
L : 50,
C : 100,
D : 500,
M : 1000
}
let res = 0
for(let i = 0;i < s.length; i++) {
res += trans[s[i]] < trans[s[i+1]] ? - trans[s[i]] : trans[s[i]]
}
return res
};
一開始覺得很難懂,特別去查了一下羅馬數字詳細的規則。
1.較大的羅馬數字的右邊為較小的羅馬數字,表示大數字加小數字。 2.較大的羅馬數字的左邊為較小的羅馬數字,表示大數字減小數字。 3.左減的數字有限制,僅限於I、X、C。比如45不可以寫成 VL,要寫成 XLV 4.左減時不可跨越一個位值。比如,99不可以用IC(100-1)表示,而是用XCIX( [100-10]+[10-1])表示。
這樣一來,解法就很明確了。兩個數字一組,只要左邊的羅馬數字單位比右邊小那就是用減法,其他則是加法。
開始迴圈,對下一個數字進行比對。
跑到最後一個數字時,由於下一個數字是不存在 (undefined)。
可以看到 JS 的有趣特性,任何數字和 undefined 比較大小都是 false。如下:
1 < undefined // retrun false 1 > undefined // retrun false 1 == undefined // return false
