Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
, V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
Symbol Value I 1 V 5 X 10 L 50 C 100 D 500 M 1000
For example, 2
is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. 12
is written as XII
, which is simply X + II
. The number 27
is written as XXVII
, which is XX + V + II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed beforeV
(5) andX
(10) to make 4 and 9.X
can be placed beforeL
(50) andC
(100) to make 40 and 90.C
can be placed beforeD
(500) andM
(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer.
Example 1:
Input: s = "III" Output: 3 Explanation: III = 3.
Example 2:
Input: s = "LVIII" Output: 58 Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
Example 3:
Input: s = "MCMXCIV" Output: 1994 Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 15
s
contains only the characters('I', 'V', 'X', 'L', 'C', 'D', 'M')
.- It is guaranteed that
s
is a valid roman numeral in the range[1, 3999]
.
var romanToInt = function(s) { const trans = { I : 1, V : 5, X : 10, L : 50, C : 100, D : 500, M : 1000 } let res = 0 for(let i = 0;i < s.length; i++) { res += trans[s[i]] < trans[s[i+1]] ? - trans[s[i]] : trans[s[i]] } return res };
一開始覺得很難懂,特別去查了一下羅馬數字詳細的規則。
1.較大的羅馬數字的右邊為較小的羅馬數字,表示大數字加小數字。 2.較大的羅馬數字的左邊為較小的羅馬數字,表示大數字減小數字。 3.左減的數字有限制,僅限於I、X、C。比如45不可以寫成 VL,要寫成 XLV 4.左減時不可跨越一個位值。比如,99不可以用IC(100-1)表示,而是用XCIX( [100-10]+[10-1])表示。
這樣一來,解法就很明確了。兩個數字一組,只要左邊的羅馬數字單位比右邊小那就是用減法,其他則是加法。
開始迴圈,對下一個數字進行比對。
跑到最後一個數字時,由於下一個數字是不存在 (undefined)。
可以看到 JS 的有趣特性,任何數字和 undefined 比較大小都是 false。如下:
1 < undefined // retrun false 1 > undefined // retrun false 1 == undefined // return false